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ELECTRICITY TO HOME

ELECTRIC  PLANTS    convert    the  energy  from  the  raw materials   of  the  Earth   into  electrical   current .This  is  done   with  the  help  of   huge   generators ,  which are  driven  by  water,steam,or  wind .Electricity  is  then   distributed   at high  voltage through  cables   laid  in  the  ground  or through   overhead    lines, on  which   often  birds   sits  in  swarms .
Substations   then  produce  electricity ,  which  finally   comes  out  of  the sockets  in  our  homes 230Volts    alternating  current Many  devices  such  as  computers, need  direct  current .Fuses   protect us   and  our  property    from  damage.
ELECTRICAL   CURRENT -By   current  we  mean  the  flow  of  negative  charge i.e   flow  of  electrons.Metal   have  lots  of   electrons .Hence  current   flows  in  them ,  and  they  are  good  conductors..Substance   such  as  air  and  glass    are   bad  conductors.We   need  a  source  of  power    such  as  battery to  bring  the  electrons  in  motion   so  that  a  bulb  can  start  glowing .The  battery  has  a  positive (+) and  a  negative (-)  terminal  .There   are  a lot  of  electrons   at  the  negative  terminal   and  only  a  few  at    the  positive  one .The  flow  of  electrons  from    the  negative  terminal   to  the   positive  terminal       is  the  current.It  is  measured  in  Amperes (A).The  greater   the  difference   in  charges   between   the  two  terminals  ,the  stronger  the  flow  of  the  current .This  difference   is  known  as   the  Electrical  voltage..It  is  measured  in  Volts.
SUBSTATIONS -  European   sockets   provide   electric  current  at  230   Volts.Since  this  voltage  do  not  suffice    to   cover   the  large  distance    from  the  power station   to  our   homes,  it  is  raised   in  the  power  plants  with   of  transformers  up   to  38,000  volts.Locally ,   the  large   substations or  small  'transformer   houses'   transform   the  voltage  to  230 volts.A  transformer   is like   an  electromagnet.The  incoming   high  -voltage  electric  current   generates  a     magnetic field  in   the  coil.This  permeates    the  neighbouring  coil   in  the  second  electric  circuit   and  generate  a  lower   voltage:230   volt
DIRECT   AND  ALTERNATING  CURRENT -  In   direct  current  ,electrons  flow   only in  one  direction , but  in  alternating  current ,  electrons   keep  switching  their  directions.  Due  to  significant   advantages    of  alternating  current  over  direct  current ,  electrical  power  distribution  is  nearly   all   in  the  form  of  altering  current   today.For   many  appliances   such  as   lamps,direction  of  flow  of   electrons  does  not  matter;but  for  others, such  as  computer ,the  flow  needs  to  be   uniform.Hence  a  'rectifier'  is connected  to a  computer,  which  converts    the  alternating  current   into  direct   current.
INTERESTING  FACTS-
  • Voltage    starting   from  48  volts   are  considered  fatal.Hence,electric  toys    should  have  a maximum  voltage  of 24  volts.
  • ELECTRICITY




















  • Power  saving lamps   can  last  up  to   eight  times  longer  than normal  bulbs    and consume   only  about    one-fourth   of electricity.
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  • ELECTRICITY   TOWARDS   HOME














  • Birds   sitting  on  high  voltage  wire  does not   get  a  shock   because   electricity   travels   from  a  place  of  high   voltage  to   low  voltage  ,just  like  water    travels   from  high  elevation  to  low   elevation.If   the  bird   sits on   a  wire    and  also  touches  the  ground , a path  is created  that allows  electricity   to  travel  through  the  bird's  body  and  to  the  place  with  no   voltage..When  the   electricity   travel  through  the  bird's  body  in   this fashion  ,  electrocution  takes  place   and  the  bird   dies..However  ,if  the  bird   touches   a  single   wire  ,it   does  not  get  a  shock   because  electric  current   passe   through    the  wire   .
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