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Portugal is a democratic republic and has been a member of the European Union since 1986. The country went through several forms of government in its history. In 1143, Portugal became a separate kingdom from the rest of Iberia and was ruled by a king until 1910 when the country became a republic. The word Portugal derives from the Roman-Celtic place name Portus Cale. Cale or Cailleach was the name of a Celtic deity and the name of an early settlement located at the mouth of the Douro River (present-day Vila Nova de Gaia), which flows into the Atlantic Ocean in the north of what is now Portugal .  M ost Portuguese have typical Mediterranean features like brown eyes, brown hair, and a height of less than 6 feet.  Defining a national character is never easy, but it can be said that most Portuguese are easy-going, welcoming, and friendly.   Portugal is in the top 3 of the 2020 Global Peace Index, the ranking of the safest countries in the world. Portugal is ...

Lithuania is famous for its landscapes, flatlands, abundant forests, lakes and marches. In addition, the seaside with its sandy beaches where amber may be found and the Curonian Spit with its impressive images and dunes attract tourists as well.   Lithuania boasts stunning natural sites and a unique mix of architectural styles. This northern European country has plenty to offer and attracts visitors interested in culture, nature and history.   Lithuania is known for its lush, green landscapes, so if you want a break from the hustle and bustle of city life, you should go to the Curonian Spit, Anykščiai, Trakai, or one of the many national parks     Typical Lithuanians look like? They have fair skin, more than 80% have light-colored eyes and many have light-colored hair (a stereotypical Lithuanian is thus blue-eyed blonde, even though such people are a minority). Lithuanians are among the tallest peoples of the world (this maybe explains their affinity...

Diamond is a solid form of pure carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal. Solid carbon comes in different forms known as allotropes depending on the type of chemical bond. The two most common allotropes of pure carbon are diamond and graphite.  D iamond , a mineral composed of pure carbon. It is the hardest naturally occurring substance known; it is also the most popular gemstone. Because of their extreme hardness, diamonds have a number of important industrial applications. Diamonds and Carbon. Diamonds are made of carbon atoms, bonded in such a way as to create crystal formations. In high-temperature, high-pressure environments, such as is present in the earth's mantle, carbon atoms bond in a particular formation of five atoms. Di amonds , sapphires, rubies, and emeralds are considered precious and all other gemstones are semi- precious. In  diamonds, rarity equals value. With diamonds in the normal range, value is based on the absence of color, becaus...

Diamond is a solid form of pure carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal. Solid carbon comes in different forms known as allotropes depending on the type of chemical bond. The two most common allotropes of pure carbon are diamond and graphite.  D iamond , a mineral composed of pure carbon. It is the hardest naturally occurring substance known; it is also the most popular gemstone. Because of their extreme hardness, diamonds have a number of important industrial applications. Diamonds and Carbon. Diamonds are made of carbon atoms, bonded in such a way as to create crystal formations. In high-temperature, high-pressure environments, such as is present in the earth's mantle, carbon atoms bond in a particular formation of five atoms. Di amonds , sapphires, rubies, and emeralds are considered precious and all other gemstones are semi- precious. In  diamonds, rarity equals value. With diamonds in the normal range, value is based on the absence of color, becaus...