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FORCE AND MOTION

FORCES  ARE  PUSHES  OR  PULLS that  change  the   motion of  objects .To  make   a  stationary  object  move ,or  a moving  object  stop,  a  force  is  needed .A  force is  also  required  to  change the  speed   and  direction  of  an  object . This   change   in  speed  or  direction is  known  as   acceleration  .Acceleration   depends   on   the  size  (magnitude ) of  the  force ,  and  on  the  mass of  the  object .
The  effect  of  forces  were  first  summarized    by  Isaac  Newton  in his  three  laws of  motion. The  International   unit   of  force  , named  after  him, is  the  Newton(N) which  is   approximately   equal   to  the   weight  of   an  apple.Gravity - the  force  of  attraction   between  any  two  masses- can  be  measured  using  a  Newton  meter  (spring  balance).Forces  are  put to useful  effect  in machines .A  simple  machine , such as   a  wheel  and axle ,  is   a device   that  changes  the   size  or  direction   of  an    applied  force . It  allows   an  applied  force  (the  effort)  to  produce   another  force    (the  load ).A  Lever  uses   a  bar  that  turn  on  a    fulcrum to  exert  force . In  all  simple   machines -  there  is  a relationship   between  force  and  distance .A  small  force  (in  a  compound pulley  for instance )   moves  through   a  large  distance   to  lift   a  heavy  object   a  small   distance . This  is  callled   the Law  of  Simple  Machines .
NEWTON'S   THREE   LAWS  OF  MOTION
  • NEWTON'S  FIRST  LAW.-When   no   force  acts  on  a  body , it  will   continue    in  a  state  of  rest  or  uniform  motion.
  • NEWTON'S  SECOND  LAW.-When  a  force  acts  on  a  body ,  the  motion    of  the   body  will  change .The  size  of  the  change   will  depend  upon  the  mass of   the  object  and  the  magnitude  of  the  applied  force.

NEWTON'S  THIRD  LAW .-If  one  object   exerts  a  force   on  another ,  an  equal   and  opposite   force ,called  the  reaction  force,  is  applied  by  the  second  object  on  the  first .SOME   SIMPLE   MACHINES .
  • Simple  and  compound  pulley.
  • Wheel  and  Axle 
  • Screw
  • Levey
  • Wedge.

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