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SMART SKIN UNIFORM TO PROTECT SOLDIERS FROM BIOWEAPONS

Scientists    have  created   a    highly  breathable   material that  may  lead  to  futuristic  smart   "second skin"  uniform  that  can protect    soldiers   from  biological  agents  and  chemical  
chemical   hazards   in  the field.
Why  high  breath ability  ?  High  breath ability  is  a  critical  requirement    for protective   clothing   to  prevent  heat-stress       and  exhaustion   when  military  personnel   are  engaged in  missions  in  contaminated   environment.
Scientists  from     the  Lawrence   Livermore  National   Laboratory  (LLNL) fabricated   flexible  polymeric  membranes   with  aligned  carbon   nanotube (CNT)channels  as   moisture   conductive  pores.  
The  size  of these  pores  -less  than   5  nanometers(nm)-    is  5,000  times   smaller  than the  width    of  a  human   hair.
To  provide   high  breathability     ,  the  new  composite  material   takes  advantage  of  the   unique   transport  properties   of  carbon nanotube   pores.
Biological  threats  like    bacteria   or  viruses  are  much  larger   and typically  more  than   10  nm  in  size .Performed  tests  demonstrated   that the  CNT  membranes  repelled  dengue  virus   from  aqueous   solutions    during  filtration  tests.
This  confirms that     LLNL    developed  CNT   membranes  provides  effective   protection   from  biological  threats   by size   exclusion   rather  than   by  merely  preventing   wetting.
The  results  show  that   CNT  pores  combine  high  breathability   and  bio- protection   in  a  single  functional  material  .
However  , chemical   agents  are  much  smaller  in  size and  require  the  membrane   pores   to  react   to  block  the  threat  .
To   encode    the  membrane     with  a  smart   and dynamic   response   to  small  chemical hazards  ,  researchers  are   surface   modifying  these  prototype   carbon  nanotube  membranes  with  chemical  -threat- responsive   functional  groups  These  .functional  groups   will  sense  and block   the  threat  like gatekeepers  on  the  pore  entrance.




     

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