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MOUNTAINS-THE EARTH HIGH SPOTS

MOUNTAINS    are  formed  when   the  plates  of  Earth's  crust    crash  into  each other,  and  the  land  pushed  upwards .Mountains are   also  formed when volcanoes  erupt and  molten  rocks   build  up  into  steep  mounds. There  are  several  mountains  on  the  Earth.The  tallest and  youngest     mountain    are   the  Himalayas.They  are  formed  over  last  140  million years.

 The   structure  of  a  mountain   should  be  steep  and  must  have  an  obvious  summit.
A   Mountain   can  be  divided  into  zones  according  to  altitude  , the  difference   of  temperature, availability  of  air  etc.Temperature  drops   by  about  1   degree  C  for  every   200m(650ft)The  different  altitudes  are-
MID  Altitude-  The   foothills  are  covered  by  forests, but  trees  end  at  a ' tree line  beyond which  trees  are  not  found  due  to  cold  and   dry  climate.
High  Altitude- This  is  above  the  treeline  where  only  few  shrubs  can  grow which  are  very  adapted  to  such climate.
The   Top altitude-This  area   consist  of  high  mountain  peaks.Harsh   and   very severe    cold   does  not  allow  anything  to  grow.Only  barren  rocks  and  snow  found  here.  

 WORLD'S  MAJOR  MOUNTAIN RANGES  -
  • ROCKY  MOUNTAINS-Situated  in  North  America , it  is 4,800 km (3000 miles) long.
  • THE  ANDES-  Situated  in  South America ,it  is 7,200km(4,500miles) long.
  • THE  HIMALAYAS  Situated  in  Asia  ,it   is  3800km,(2,400miles)   long
  • TIEN  SHAN   Also  situated   in  Asia ,it  is  2,250km(1,400 miles) long
  • WEST SUMATRAN  JAVAN  RANGE- Situated  in  South  Asia  ,it  is  2,900km(1,800 miles)  long












  • GREAT   DIVIDING  RANGE-  Situated  in Australia  ,it is 3,600km(2,250miles)long.
  • The  longest  mountain  range   on  Earth  is  Mid  -Atlantic  ridge.It  runs   16,000  km(10,000miles ) below  the  Atlantic  ocean. 
  • TALLEST   MOUNTAINS  ON  EARTH.
  • Mount  Everest   is  the  tallest  mountain  in the  world, situated in  Nepal  and China.It  is  8,848 m(29,028 ft)  high.
  • Aconcagua ,  in  Argentina  6,960m(22,834ft).
  • it  is  in  South  America.
  • Mount   McKinley   in  North  America(USA)  is  6,194  m  (20,320ft)  high.
  • Mount  Kilimanjaro   in   Africa  is   5,895m(19,340ft)It   is  situated  in  Tanzania.
  • Mount  Elbrus     in  Russia   is  5,642 m(18,510ft)  high.
  • Vinson  Massif   in  Antarctica  is  4,897m (16,066ft)   high.
  • Puncak  Joya,situated  in  New  Guinea (Australia)  is  5,040m  (16,535ft).
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  • AVALANCHES-  Avalanches  are  masses  of  snow   rushing  down  the  mountains.It  occurs  where  the  slope  is  less  than  25  degree.
  • Avalanches  are  of  many   types  ,some  are-Slab  Avalanches  ,these  are  most  deadly.It  occur  when  a frozen  slab  of  ice  on  the  surface  of  the  snow   breaks  off.
  • Isothermal  Avalanches- It  occurs  ,when  snow  gets  heavy  due  to  saturation of  water.
  • Power  snow  Avalanche-
  • When  an  Avalanche  shoot  down   the slope it  collects  more  snow.If  it   also  picks up  air  with  the  snow, it   becomes  the  largest  Avalanches.It  can  reach   speeds  of   300  kph(190 mph).
  • SOME   FAMOUS  PEAKS OF  THE  WORLD-
  • Mount   Fuji  ,  Japan- It  is  the  tallest  mountain  in Japan  and  a sacred  site  of   Japan.Thousands  of  climbers    climb  to  the  top.It  is 3,776m(12,388ft)
  • Matterhorn  Switzerland-It  has   a  classical  pyramid shaped    peak..It  is 4.478m(14,692ft)
  • Mount k2-China  and  Pakistan-  It  is  the   second  highest   mountain in  the  world.It  is  the  trickiest   mountain   to  climb.
  • Kilimanjaro- Tanzania -It  is  an  extinct  volcano  and  the  tallest  mountain  that  is  not  a  part  of  a  mountain  range.It  is  5,895m(19,340ft).
  • Mount  Everest  -The  highest mountain  in  the world.Situated   in  Nepal    and  China. It  is  8,448m(29,028ft).
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  • MOUNTAIN  SPORTS-Mountains  are  places  for   sports  also. Some   common mountain  sports  are-
  • CLIMBING-There  are  many  ways  up  a  mountain  but  the  most  adventurous  way   up   vertical  faces   and  overhanging  rocks.
  • CANYONING-  Going  down  a  mountain  along  the  path  of  a  river  .
  • PARAGLIDING-  Leap   off a  mountain  harnessed  to  a  fabric  wing  and  soar  down on  the  wind.
  • MOUNT  EVEREST -
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