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THE ROCKS

ROCKS   ARE  BURIED   TREASURE-They   are  full   of    valuable    minerals   and  contain  metals,  gemstones,fossils    and  even  fuels  like   coal   and  petroleum.Every  type  of  rock contains   different    minerals.There  are  about   4,000  minerals   found  on  Earth.They    have   their   own  unique     shape  and  color.
Broadly     rocks  are  of  three   types-
Igneous &nbs p; rocks-  These  are&nbs  p; formed   when  molten  lava  comes   out  of  a  volcano.   When  it  cools  ,  it  crystallizes  into  solid  rock.
Sedimentary    Rocks-     These  are   made  from loose  rocks   and  ancient   remains  of   animals  and  plants carried   by  wind  and  water,they  compact  and  hardened  into   solid  rock over  millions of  years.Most  fossils  are  found  in   sedimentary   rocks.
Metamorphic  rocks  These  rocks  are  formed   when   Igneous    and   sedimentary  rocks   come  under   heat  and  pressure.Then   these  rocks change  their  shapes  to  form  metamorphic  rock.
Like   ,under  pressure  and  heat     lime stone  changes  into  marble,Clay changes  into   slate.
Our  Earth    also   made  out  of    molten  rock.But about  4  billion  years   ago  ,the  outer  layer  began  to  cool  and  form  a  hard  crust.

CRYSTAL-
Crystals     are   minerals    that  grow    into  regular  shapes  with  smooth  ,flat   faces  and  sharp  edges
A  crystal's     shape   is  known  as    its  habit.Salt   crystals  are  like  tiny     cubes, Zircon  crystals   ,used  in  jewellery  are  like   pyramids,  while  asbestos     grow  in  long  strands.
Millions  of  tiny  crystals   can  cluster  together  to  make  a  chunk  of  rock.
Crystals   can  grow    underground    to  an  incredible  length  of    11       m(36ft).

GEMS- The  size  of  a     gem  is   given  by  weight  units    called   Carats.One   carat  is   the  same    as  200   mg(0.007 oz)
The    most  valuable  gem  is  Diamond.
SOME    FAMOUS   DIAMONDS IN  THE  WORLD-
REGENT-(140.5carats),It   was  found  in  1698.It  was  later  stolen  by   an  English  sea  captain.In   1812  it  was  used  to decorate    Napoleon's  sword.


KOH-i-NOOR-(105.6 carats)Since  1304,  it  was  belonged  to  various  Indian  and  Persian  rulers,  but  became  a  part  of   the  British  crown   jewels after  Queen  Victoria  became    Empress of   India  in   1877.




BLUE HOPE.(45.5  Carats) One  of  the  famous  owner  of   this   diamond  was  Marie  Antoinette, wife  of   king  Louis XVI    of  France.The curse  was   that  she   was   beheaded   in 1793,  during   the  French  Revolution .





STAR  OF  AFRICA-(530.2 carats) In  1908   this  diamond  was  mounted    in  the   royal  Scepter,  part  of  the  British  crown  jewels



MILLENNIUM   STAR-(203 carats)-  It   was discovered  in  1990,  it  took  three  years  for  lasers  to cut  and  shape  this    pear  shaped  diamond. 




SOME  FAMOUS  ROCKS-
MOUNT RUSHMORE- Four   American  presidents   face  were   carved  out  of  a  rock  in   South  Dakota.

 SHIP  ROCK- The  ship  rock  in  New  Mexico,  USA  is  a  giant     pillar  of  stone     that  rises  500m  (1,640ft)  out  of  the  plain.

DELICATE   ARCH- This    is    16 m(53ft)  high  sand stone   arch has  worn  away  over  time  by  weathering  and  erosion.

 ULURU-  In        central  Australia    lies one  of      the world's      largest  single  piece  of  rock    383  m(1,256ft) high  and    2  km     (1.2  mile)   long.



SUGAR LOAF    MOUNTAIN-his  majestic   mountain    is  in  Rio  de   Jeneiro,  Brazil,  rises  to   396  m(1299ft).

 

INTERESTING   FACTS-
  • Although   both  Diamond  and  Graphite,  form  of  carbon,   graphite  is   dark  grey  ,and  one  of  the  softest  minerals,  while   diamond  is  clear   and  the  world's  hardest   natural  substance.
  • Some  minerals  like  magnetite   are  naturally   magnetic.
  • Uraninite    is      a    radioactive   mineral   from  which  Uranium  is  extracted.
  • Some   minerals   such  as   Soda lite    grow,when  ultraviolet   light  is  shown  over  them.
  • About   100,000  tonnes  of   Uranium  ore  produces   25  tonnes  of    radioactive   uranium,  the  annual  amount    ,used  by  a   nuclear  power  station.
  • Mineral    ID  ,to  identify  a  mineral   one  has  to  test   for  its various    features.like-
  • Color  ,luster,  and habit-color  of  mineral's  crystal,  its   shine(luster), and  the  form(habit) of  its  crystals.
  • Streak-,the  color  of  streak left  by  the  mineral  when   rubbed  across  a  tile.
  • Cleavage- how  the  mineral  break  when  hit  with  a  hammer.
  • Hardness- It  is  measured  on the  mohs  scale  from  1(very  soft)  to 10( hard)



  • Crystal  system-  The   basic  geometrical   shape   of  mineral's  crystal.
  • IGNEOUS ROCKS-

  •  
    SEDIMENTARY    ROCKS







    METAMORPHIC  ROCKS 







  •  



 

 
 

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