The Italian scientist Galileo Galilei made the first telescope out of a couple of spectacle lenses in 1609.After Galileo, an English scientist ,Sir Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope that uses two mirrors instead of lenses in 1668.
Now a days many types of telescope are working.Some are -
- Refracting telescope-It uses a large lens to refract or bend the light to form an image of a distant object.
- Reflecting telescope-It uses a large curved mirror to pick up the faint light from distant stars.
- Radio telescope- It captures invisible radio waves given out by stars and other objects in space.
- Space telescope-It orbits the Earth and work 24 hours a day .It is controlled from ground.
- THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE .
Its main mirror collects light ,which is directed to cameras and instruments.The data they record is sent to Earth about twice a day.
OBSERVATORY.- The observatory is a dome shaped structure ,where telescopes are placed to protect them .It is from here that astronomers observe stars at night.
The best observatory sites are high altitude ,desert region close to the equator.The are usually 70 km ,from a town ,far enough away from light pollution.They are in mountain place ,so clouds won't obscure the view .Telescopes are placed high above the observatory building ,so they are not affected by the Earth's heat.
Some telescopes work together to produce a more detailed image.The very large Array in New Mexico ,USA, consists of 27 radio dishes each 25 m(82ft) across.
INTERESTING FACTS.
- The largest single radio telescope is the 305 m (1,000ft) dish at Arecibo,Puerto Rico, built in a hollow in the island 's hills, it faces different parts of the sky as the Earth turns.
- Light travels at 300,000 km(186000miles)per second.so light from a very distant object takes long time to reach us.
- Light from Sun takes 8.3 minutes to reach us.
- Light from the nearest star ,Proxima Centauri takes 4.28 years to reach us .So it is 4.28 light years away from us.
- The Andromeda Galaxy is 2.5 million light years away from us .This means we see the galaxy as it was 2.5 million years ago. we are looking back in time.
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