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SCIENCE-BACTERIA


Bacteria   are   the   most   plentiful   living  organism   on  the  Earth.They   are  the  most  smallest    organism ,each  consisting   of  a   simple ,  single  cell.A   few   types  of  bacteria ,called  germs ,cause  diseases    in  humans .But   most  bacteria     are   harmless,  some  are   very  useful.They   used  in  making  drugs   and  foods.
 Bacteria    reproduce   by  binary   fission(splitting  in  two). Reproduction    by     division   means  that  bacteria  can   multiply  very  quickly,if  the  conditions   are  just   right.Bacteria   comes  in  three   shapes-
  • Cocci,called  coccus    are  spherical
  • Bacilli, called  a  bacillus    are  rod  shaped.
  • Spirilla,one  is  called  a  spirillum  are  spiral  
  • shaped.
  • First   bacteria   appear more  than   900  millions  years  after    Earth   formed.Dutch  scientist   Antoni  van  Leeuwenhoek   was  the  first  person    to  see  bacteria  ,  in  scrapping  of  his  teeth   in  1683.French   scientist   Louis  Pasteur    shows  that   some  bacteria  cause   disease.  in  1860's
  • Now a  days     scientists   research   genetically  modified    bacteria   to  produce  useful  substances  including    anti-cancer  vaccines.
  • In    1928  ,British   scientist  Alexander  Flemming   was   studying    harmful   bacteria   by  growing  them  in  a  glass   dishes.Returning   from  a  holiday ,he  noticed   that  some  dishes  were   infected  with  a  blue  penicillin  fungus.This  fungus   released   a   chemical   that  killed  harmful  bacteria.This  discovery   lead    to   the   development   of  penicillin,the  first  bacteria  killing  drug   or  antibiotic.
  • Five   diseases  that bacteria  causes  .in  humans.
  • Acne-pimples  can  be  sore  and  erupt.
  • Dental  caries-tooth  decay  that  form  cavities.
  • Cholera-The  major  and  most  deadly  symptom  is  severe  diarrhea.
  • Diphtheria- A  ,rare  respiratory  illness  .
  • Tetanus -Serious  disease  causing  muscles  spasms. 
  • But  bacteria  are  not  always   harmful.Some  bacteria  are  very  useful.-They  are   used  to  make   yogurt   and  cheese.
  • Bacteria

































  • Chemicals   made  by  bacteria   are  used  in  the process    of  baking 
  • Some  bacteria  produce antibiotics  that  are  used to  kill  other  harmful  bacteria
  • Soil  bacteria   break down  dead  organism  so  their  components  can   be  recycled
  • Some  bacteria  releases  life giving  oxygen  in  the  air.
  • INTERESTING    FACTS-
  • Light    producing  bacteria  live  inside   the   Hawaiian  squid  .At   night  ,  the  bacteria  mimic   moonlight  shining  through  the  water,   making  the  squid   invisible to  nearby  , hungry  predators.
  • Ther  are   1,000  trillion  on  an  inside  the   human  body.
  • The  number  of  bacteria  in   1  gm  of  soil   is  2.5 billion .
  • The   average  length  of  a  bacterium    is  0.0001  cm.
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