- MOSAIC -IS THE ART OF MAKING patterns and pictures from tesserae (small ,colored pieces of glass,marble and other materials ). Different materials are cut into tesserae using different tools .Smalti ,(glass enamel) and marble are cut into pieces using a hammer and hardy.(a pointed blade) embedded in a log.Vitreous glass is cut into pieces using a pair of nipper..Mosaic can be made direct or indirect method.In the direct method , the tesserae are laid directly into a bed of cement-based adhesive . .In the indirect method , the design is drawn in reverse on paper or cloth.The tesserae are then stuck face -down on the paper or cloth using water soluble glue..Adhesive is spread .with a trowel on to a solid surface.- such as a wall- and the back of the mosaic is laid into the Adhesive..Finally , the paper or cloth is soaked off to reveal the mosaic .Gaps between tesserae can be filled with grout .Grout is forced into gaps by dragging a grouting squeegee across the face of the mosaic .Mosaics are usually used to decorate walls and floors, but they can also be applied to smaller objects.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Starts in Europe particularly in England in eighteen century.It changed the whole of Europe and England 's economy.During this period New machines are invented in England to speed up the spinning of wool and cotton .At first they were powered by water wheels but later steam engines are developed.Iron become cheaper and stronger as Iron making techniques improved.Canals are dug to carry coal from the mines and to transport finished goods.After ...
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