DRAWINGS CAN BE FINISHED WORKS OF ARTS,or preparatory studies for paintings and other visual arts.They can be made using a wide variety of drawing instruments such as ,pencils, graphite sticks,chalks ,pen and inks, and silver wires.The most common instrument of drawing is graphite pencil.It consist of a thin rod of graphite mixed with clay, incased in wood.Erasers can be used to rub out marks,or to achieve a particular effect ,such as smudging .Fixative is often applied - using a mouth diff-user or aerosol spray fixative- to prevent smudging.Once a drawing is finished ,silver lines can be produced by drawing silver wire across specially prepared paper.- a
technique known as silver point.The lines are permanent and can not be erased.In time silver lines oxidize and turn brown
TEMPERA- THE TERM TEMPERA is applied to any paint in which pigment is tempered (mixed) with a water based binding medium - usually egg yolk.Egg tempera is applied to a smooth surface such as vellum(for illuminated manuscripts ) or more commonly to hardwood panels prepared with gesso ,a mixture of chalk and size (glue). Hog hair brush are used to apply the gesso .A layer of gesso is followed by successive layers of gesso sotile(fine gessso) that are sanded between coats to provide a smooth , yet absorbent ground.The paint is applied with fine sable brushes in thin layers, using light brush strokes .Tempera dries quickly to form a tough skin with a satin sheen.The luminous white surface of the gesso combined with the over laid paint produced the brilliant crispness and rich colors particularly to this medium .Egg tempera paintings are frequently gilded with gold .Leaves of finely beaten gold are applied to a bole (reddish brown clay) base and polished by burnishing .
FRESCO- FRESCO IS A METHOD OF WALL PAINTING.In buon fresco (true fresco) pigments are mixed with water and applied to an intonaco (layer of fresh , dump lime plaster)The intonaco absorbs and binds the pigments as it dries making the picture a permanent part of the wall surface.The intonaco is applied in sections called giornate (daily section). The size of each giornata depend on the artist's estimate of how much can be painted before the plaster sets.The junctions between giornata sometimes visible on a finished fresco .The range of colors used in buon fresco are limited to lime -resistant pigments such as earth colors .Stacked lime (burnt lime mixed with water) bianco di san Giovanni (staked lime that has been partly exposed to air.) and chalk can be used to produced fresco whites.In fresco sec-co(dry fresco ) pigments are mixed with a binding medium and applied to dry plaster. and may flake off over the time.
FRESCO PAINTING
TEMPERA
DRAWINGS
technique known as silver point.The lines are permanent and can not be erased.In time silver lines oxidize and turn brown
TEMPERA- THE TERM TEMPERA is applied to any paint in which pigment is tempered (mixed) with a water based binding medium - usually egg yolk.Egg tempera is applied to a smooth surface such as vellum(for illuminated manuscripts ) or more commonly to hardwood panels prepared with gesso ,a mixture of chalk and size (glue). Hog hair brush are used to apply the gesso .A layer of gesso is followed by successive layers of gesso sotile(fine gessso) that are sanded between coats to provide a smooth , yet absorbent ground.The paint is applied with fine sable brushes in thin layers, using light brush strokes .Tempera dries quickly to form a tough skin with a satin sheen.The luminous white surface of the gesso combined with the over laid paint produced the brilliant crispness and rich colors particularly to this medium .Egg tempera paintings are frequently gilded with gold .Leaves of finely beaten gold are applied to a bole (reddish brown clay) base and polished by burnishing .
FRESCO- FRESCO IS A METHOD OF WALL PAINTING.In buon fresco (true fresco) pigments are mixed with water and applied to an intonaco (layer of fresh , dump lime plaster)The intonaco absorbs and binds the pigments as it dries making the picture a permanent part of the wall surface.The intonaco is applied in sections called giornate (daily section). The size of each giornata depend on the artist's estimate of how much can be painted before the plaster sets.The junctions between giornata sometimes visible on a finished fresco .The range of colors used in buon fresco are limited to lime -resistant pigments such as earth colors .Stacked lime (burnt lime mixed with water) bianco di san Giovanni (staked lime that has been partly exposed to air.) and chalk can be used to produced fresco whites.In fresco sec-co(dry fresco ) pigments are mixed with a binding medium and applied to dry plaster. and may flake off over the time.
FRESCO PAINTING
TEMPERA
DRAWINGS
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