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WAYS OF COMMUNICATION

THERE   are   lots  of  ways  to  communicate.: speaking,singing
clapping,hooting .Even   animals   communicate  with  one   another-in  ways   different   from   the  humans .Only    humans   can  express   their  thoughts  and  feelings  in  words  because  of  our  superior  brain.Both   humans  and  animals also  communicate   through  body  language .Some  times  we   don't  use  words    but  make  gestures   like  traffic  signals  or  simple  movement   of  the  hand  in  order to  communicate.

HUMAN  CAN  SPEAK   BUT   NOT  ANIMALS.-A  lot  of      organs    such  as   lungs,larynx,pharynx, mouth,tongue,teeth,  and  brain  participate in  the  speaking  process.Although   animals  possess  all  these   organs ,  their  structure   is  different   from  that  in  the  humans .For   speaking     it  is  important    to  properly  control   the  processes  involved ,mainly  breathing .This   is  done  for  us  by  our brain.First  the  air   is  inhaled ,  and  then
deviated    through   the  larynx    from  the  lungs The   larynx   has small    muscles   called  the  vocal  cords.When  the  air   passes  through  the  stretched  elastic   vocal  folds   it  causes   them  to  vibrate,  producing     sound .The  teeth, tongue,gums,and  lips  then  form  the   words.

HOW  DO  ANIMALS  COMMUNICATE.[ -Animals  communicates  in   different   ways  .Dogs  bark,growl,  whine.Deer   bell,mice  squeak.When  a   bee    has  detected    food  ,  it  informs   the  other  bees  by  a  kind  of  dance ,and Whales   inform  each other  by means  of  whale  song.Their   sound  can   be  heard   in  water    from  several   hundred   kilometers  .The communication   of  whales  has  increasingly   become  difficult ,  because  there  are  so  many  other  sounds  in the  oceans  now like  those  of   ships    or  oil  rigs .In  general    animals  of  the  same  species    communicate  with   one another   without  a  problem ;between   species    there  could  be   misunderstanding,
for  example  ,a  cat  purrs   with  satisfaction ,  but  the  dog  may think    that  the cat is snarling   at it.

HOW  DO  OUR  HANDS  COMMUNICATE WITH  OUR  BRAIN.--The  hands  are   connected  to  the  brain    through  nerve  paths.If   it  becomes  very  cold   nerve  endings  in  the  skin  of  the  hand   ,the  signals  are  transmitted   to 
  the  brain .In   the  brain   ,a  process  is  initiated   that  leads  to commands ;rub  the  hands ,put  the  hands  in  the  armpit   to  warm  them,wear  gloves.The  brain   send  these   command  back  to  the  hand via   nerves,and  the  hand  then  execute  them.In  case  of  an  accident  ,like  fall,we  react   much   faster  and  tried  to  prevent  the  fall  by  using  our   hands .How  fast  we  react  depends   on  whether  we  have  experienced   such  situation   before.

WHAT  IS  BODY LANGUAGE  .?-Both  human  and  animals  communicate    a  through   their   body  postures.A  cat   when  angry   humps   its  back  and its  skin  ruffles  so  that  it  appear  bigger   and  dangerous  .In  this   way  ,it  warns   its  opponent  not  to   come  near.Human   frowns  when  in    doubts  and  smile  when  happy..We   use    thumps  up   or  thumps  down  signs  as  common  gestures  of  approval    or  disapproval by  extending  the  thumb upward   or  downward  .We  also   make  use   of  a  universal    sign   language ;we  know   what  an  index  finger  on  lips  or  a  waving  hand  is  trying  to  tell  us.But  watch  out  ;signs
  do  not  mean  the  same   all  over  the  world -  if  we  make  an  
  'O'    with  the  index  finger  and   the  thumb    ,it   means 'Okay'
in   United  States  of America  ,but   at  other  places    it  is  an  insult. 
 WHAT  DO   TRAFFIC   SIGNS   TELL  US.-On   many  signs    there  is  a  text   telling   us  what   to  do.'Exit','Diversion',and 'Parking'people  who  cannot  read   the  text  of  signs    can  understand  them   through   the  figure   or  picture .For  instance ,  the  shape  of   arrow     on  the  signs  for  Exit  helps  understand   the direction  of  the  exit.Some  signs  convey  information   by  means    of  picture,'Pedestrian   crossing' and  'play-street'  are  some  example.Then   there  are   signs  that  look  the  same in  all  countries,  such  as  signs  for"Main  road"   and  "Give  way".One   can  always    understand    a  'STOP'   sign     even  if  it  is     written  in    Arabic.

WAYS  OF  COMMUNICATION





































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