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KNOWING ABOUT THE PAST

PAST   help   us   in   understanding   our  present  world in  a  much  better   way.If  we  know   how   our    ancestors  lived  or  why  the  wars  were  waged,we  can  understand   the   today's   world    better  and   get   ideas   for   fairer    future.What    appears   to  us   wrong  today  could  have   been  right   earlier..It  is  also  interesting    to  know  how   inventions that  changed    the  way    we  live   are   ;mental     processing& nbsp;  that  was    invented  around   5000BC.and   the  invention    of  the   calendar,  without  which    we   cannot  determine  when   the  important   events   happened  in  the  past.
DO  WE   KHOW  NOW  ABOUT  PAST.-Mainly  the  Historians  or   the  Archaeologist   are   the  people  who  make  an   attempt   to  find put  about  past  as  much  as they  can..The   historians  frequently   refer  to  various  sources   of   history.These  sources  can   be  clay  tablets,grave  inscriptions,,or  simple  letters,coins,Some  times  they  have  to   decode   the  script,  such  as  the  hieroglyphs  ,which  was  discovered    in  the  Egyptians   Pyramids  .Archaeologist   ,on  the  other  hand   dig   places   where  they  can   find  evidence  of  past  human  activity  such  as bones  from   the  stone  age  or  remains  of  buildings  or  vessels that  fell  down  in  wells.

How  do   historians   determine  the  approximate   date    of  an  event-  Many   source  text ,mainly  those  from    the  time   after  the   birth  of  Christ ,give   indication   of  the  time  of  events ,  such  as 'after  the  great  volcanic   eruption' with  the  help  of  such  information  ,  the historians  can   often  find  out  when  something   happened .Sometimes  even  the year   is  given in  the 
text..One   also  compares   the different sources   and  infers   the  actual   sequence  of  events   from  this..Archaeologist   combine   the  knowledge  of   different  sources   to  draw   inferences   as  well..They  determine    the  age  of   the  findings   often   with  the  help  of  materials   which   were  used     in  a  certain  period  of  time.Modern  methods   like  X-ray   examination   or   radiocarbon   dating    provides   additional    information.

BC (BEFORE  CHRIST) AND,AD (ANNO DOMINI)s  . Most  culture     starts    the  calculation    of  their  time   with  an  event   that   was  most  important   to  them.For  the  Christian    this  was  the  birth  of    Jesus  Christ.The   year  of  birth  of    Christ  is  also  known  as  'the  turn   of  the eras 'because      there  is  a  belief  that  among  Christian   that  with  the  birth  of    Jesus   Christ  a' new  time ' started .The   counting  of  years  was  started again  from  one   after  this  time.Everything  that   happened   earlier  was  specified   as  'before  Christ'  or   'BC'.
The  Islamic   calendar    starts   when  the  Prophet  Mohammad   left  Mecca.  in   AD  622..In  addition ,one  year  of  the Islamic  calendar  is  shorter  than   that   of   the   Christian   calendar. since  it   ends    after  nine  new   moons .

INVENTION   OF    THE   CALENDAR-  During   the  stone  age ,human  observed   how  the   equinoxes   (23   march  and  22  september)  repeated  year after  .Later  , many  races  oriented  itselves   to  the  lunar  year.After  twelve  full  moons -354  days the  year  was   complete and  hence   the  lunar   calendar   was   eleven  days   short   of  the  solar  calendar..The  first  solar  calendar   was  created   by  Egyptians Although    the  start  of  the  year    did  not  get  displaced   by  eleven    days    as  in  the  lunar  calendar,it  got displaced  by   about  a  month  every  120  years.To  balance   this anomaly ,  Julius  Caesar    introduced   a leap  year   after  every  four   year..This  calendar  was  improved    by  Pope  Gregory XIII    in   1582.
WHAT   IS  TIME-   Our    Universe    was   born    with  the  big  bang   and  with   it  time  was   also  born No   one   can  explain    exactly   what  it  is .Albert  Einstein,  the  famous  physicist  ,  tried  it   once   and  said   time  is  a  ';measure  to   arrange  things  one  after  other 'We   defined  equal   sections from    the  second  to  the  year   to  understand   when  an  event  occurred   in  the    past..For  five  thousands  years ,people  have been   trying  to   invent  all   possible   instruments  for  measuring  time   such  as    sundials,water  clocks  and  pendulum   clocks.Since  1949    we  have   the precise   atomic  clock..Which  becomes  slow   by  one  second  in   30   billion  years.
 INTERESTING  FACTS
  • 'Otze',  the  mummy    found  in  Tyrol  Alps  in 1991, was  of   a  person   who  died   in   3300  BC .
  • RELICS OF  THE  PAST.










































  • Archaeologists    can  also  infer   when  a  house     was  built   from  the  annual   rings  of   the  wooden  beams.  

 

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