ELECTRIC PLANTS convert the energy from the raw materials of the Earth into electrical current .This is done with the help of huge generators , which are driven by water,steam,or wind .Electricity is then distributed at high voltage through cables laid in the ground or through overhead lines, on which often birds sits in swarms .
Substations then produce electricity , which finally comes out of the sockets in our homes 230Volts alternating current Many devices such as computers, need direct current .Fuses protect us and our property from damage.
ELECTRICAL CURRENT -By current we mean the flow of negative charge i.e flow of electrons.Metal have lots of electrons .Hence current flows in them , and they are good conductors..Substance such as air and glass are bad conductors.We need a source of power such as battery to bring the electrons in motion so that a bulb can start glowing .The battery has a positive (+) and a negative (-) terminal .There are a lot of electrons at the negative terminal and only a few at the positive one .The flow of electrons from the negative terminal to the positive terminal is the current.It is measured in Amperes (A).The greater the difference in charges between the two terminals ,the stronger the flow of the current .This difference is known as the Electrical voltage..It is measured in Volts.
SUBSTATIONS - European sockets provide electric current at 230 Volts.Since this voltage do not suffice to cover the large distance from the power station to our homes, it is raised in the power plants with of transformers up to 38,000 volts.Locally , the large substations or small 'transformer houses' transform the voltage to 230 volts.A transformer is like an electromagnet.The incoming high -voltage electric current generates a magnetic field in the coil.This permeates the neighbouring coil in the second electric circuit and generate a lower voltage:230 volt
DIRECT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT - In direct current ,electrons flow only in one direction , but in alternating current , electrons keep switching their directions. Due to significant advantages of alternating current over direct current , electrical power distribution is nearly all in the form of altering current today.For many appliances such as lamps,direction of flow of electrons does not matter;but for others, such as computer ,the flow needs to be uniform.Hence a 'rectifier' is connected to a computer, which converts the alternating current into direct current.
INTERESTING FACTS-
Substations then produce electricity , which finally comes out of the sockets in our homes 230Volts alternating current Many devices such as computers, need direct current .Fuses protect us and our property from damage.
ELECTRICAL CURRENT -By current we mean the flow of negative charge i.e flow of electrons.Metal have lots of electrons .Hence current flows in them , and they are good conductors..Substance such as air and glass are bad conductors.We need a source of power such as battery to bring the electrons in motion so that a bulb can start glowing .The battery has a positive (+) and a negative (-) terminal .There are a lot of electrons at the negative terminal and only a few at the positive one .The flow of electrons from the negative terminal to the positive terminal is the current.It is measured in Amperes (A).The greater the difference in charges between the two terminals ,the stronger the flow of the current .This difference is known as the Electrical voltage..It is measured in Volts.
SUBSTATIONS - European sockets provide electric current at 230 Volts.Since this voltage do not suffice to cover the large distance from the power station to our homes, it is raised in the power plants with of transformers up to 38,000 volts.Locally , the large substations or small 'transformer houses' transform the voltage to 230 volts.A transformer is like an electromagnet.The incoming high -voltage electric current generates a magnetic field in the coil.This permeates the neighbouring coil in the second electric circuit and generate a lower voltage:230 volt
DIRECT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT - In direct current ,electrons flow only in one direction , but in alternating current , electrons keep switching their directions. Due to significant advantages of alternating current over direct current , electrical power distribution is nearly all in the form of altering current today.For many appliances such as lamps,direction of flow of electrons does not matter;but for others, such as computer ,the flow needs to be uniform.Hence a 'rectifier' is connected to a computer, which converts the alternating current into direct current.
INTERESTING FACTS-
- Voltage starting from 48 volts are considered fatal.Hence,electric toys should have a maximum voltage of 24 volts.
- ELECTRICITY
- Power saving lamps can last up to eight times longer than normal bulbs and consume only about one-fourth of electricity.
- ELECTRICITY TOWARDS HOME
- Birds sitting on high voltage wire does not get a shock because electricity travels from a place of high voltage to low voltage ,just like water travels from high elevation to low elevation.If the bird sits on a wire and also touches the ground , a path is created that allows electricity to travel through the bird's body and to the place with no voltage..When the electricity travel through the bird's body in this fashion , electrocution takes place and the bird dies..However ,if the bird touches a single wire ,it does not get a shock because electric current passe through the wire instead the wire
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