ATOMS ARE THE SMALLEST INDIVIDUAL parts of an element.They are tiny, with diameters in the order of one ten-thousand millionth of a meter .Two or more atoms join together to form molecule of a substance known as a compound,for example ,when atoms of elements hydrogen and fluorine join together ,they form a molecule of the compound hydrogen fluoride .So molecules are are the smallest individual part of a compound.
Atoms themselves are not indivisible- they possess an internal structure .At their centre is a dense Nucleus , consisting of protons, which have a positive electric charge, and neutrons, which are uncharged .Around the nucleus are the negatively charged electrons .It is the electrons that gives a substance most of its physical and chemical properties.They do not follow a definite paths around the nucleus.Instead , electrons are said to be found within certain regions,called orbitals .These are arranged around the nucleus in "shells", each containing electrons of a particular energy.For example ,the first shell (1) can hold up to two electrons, in a so called s-orbital(1s).The second shell (2) can hold up to eight electrons, in S- orbital (2s) and p-orbital (2p)If an atom loses an electron ,it becomes a positive ion(cation).If an electron is gained, an atom becomes a negative ion(anion)ions of opposite charges will attract and join together, in a type of bonding ,known as ionic bonding.In covalent bonding, the atoms bond by sharing their electrons in what become molecular orbitals.
ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Atoms themselves are not indivisible- they possess an internal structure .At their centre is a dense Nucleus , consisting of protons, which have a positive electric charge, and neutrons, which are uncharged .Around the nucleus are the negatively charged electrons .It is the electrons that gives a substance most of its physical and chemical properties.They do not follow a definite paths around the nucleus.Instead , electrons are said to be found within certain regions,called orbitals .These are arranged around the nucleus in "shells", each containing electrons of a particular energy.For example ,the first shell (1) can hold up to two electrons, in a so called s-orbital(1s).The second shell (2) can hold up to eight electrons, in S- orbital (2s) and p-orbital (2p)If an atom loses an electron ,it becomes a positive ion(cation).If an electron is gained, an atom becomes a negative ion(anion)ions of opposite charges will attract and join together, in a type of bonding ,known as ionic bonding.In covalent bonding, the atoms bond by sharing their electrons in what become molecular orbitals.
ATOMS AND MOLECULES
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