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ATOMIC ENERGY

ATOMIC  ENERGY  IS     most    important   source  of  energy  now  a  days as  it  is  pollution   free.There  are   strong  forces  in  the  nuclei  of  atoms  which  keep  the  particles   together.In  two  ways  to  release    the  energy  hidden  in  the   nuclei  of  an  atom  -one  is   by  fusion  and  other  is   by   splitting   them.In   fusion   ,they  are  fuse  with  one  another ,. This   also   occur   in   core of  stars.Big   stars   produce   energy   by   fusion  of   atoms.It is  also   done  in  Hydrogen    bomb.Other   method   is   splitting   atoms   to  release  energy.This   is  done  in  Nuclear  power   plants.for  this  purpose   a  chain  reaction  is  required in  a  reactor.In  this  process  atoms  can   be  split   by  bombarding  them with  neutrons for  example  the  nucleus  of  a  uranium   atom,can  be  split  by bombarding   with   neutrons  .A lot  of  energy  is  released   in  this  process. along  with  heat.Now  a  days   atomic  energy  is  used  to  produced   electricity   in   atomic    power  plant or  nuclear  power  plants.But   it  also  has   some  disadvantage  that  is  the  danger  of   releasing   radioactive      radiation  which  is  very  harmful  for  human  beings  as   well  as  for  environment.The  famous Chernobyl  in  Ukraine in  1986  and  Fukushima  nuclear  accident in  Japan in2011  released  harm ful radiation  in  the  air  exposing  people  to  harmful  radiation.but  precautions  are  taken   to  avoid  any   mishap
RADIOACTIVITY-
Radioactivity   is  a  property   of  atomic   nuclei  to  decay   and  release   radiation.Many  atoms  split   when they  are  bombarded   with   neutrons,  and  others decay   spontaneously.  In  this  case   the  the  radiation   of   radioactive  material  takes  place.
  
The    radiation   occurs  in  three  forms -The  alpha  rays  can  reach  only  up  to  few  centimeters .The  beta  rays   are  made  of electrons resulting  from  the  splitting   of  atomic  nuclei  .They  can  go  up  to 1  meter   and   are  stooped  by  metallic  foils.The  gamma  rays  are  bundled  energy released in  the  decay  and  are  very  dangerous.Even  thick  lead  plates  can  only  partly  stop  them. They  can  penetrate   the  cells  of  our  body  and   can destroy  them.Thus  radioactive   radiation is very  harmful.
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