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THE DINOSAURS

THE   DINOSAURS   WERE  A  LARGE  GROUP  of   reptiles  that   were  the  dominant    land   vertebrates  (animals  with  backbones),  for  most  of  the Mesozoic   era(245-65  million  years  ago). They   appeared   some  250   million  years  ago    and  were  distinguished  from  other scaly ,  egg  laying   reptiles   by  an  important  feature ; dinosaurs  had   erect   limb   stance .This   enabled  them     to keep   their  bodies   well   above  the  ground ,  unlike  the  sprawling   and  semi sprawling     stance  of  other  reptiles.The  head  of the   dinosaur's  femur (thigh  bone) fitted into  a socket   in  its  pelvis (hip bone),  producing  efficient  and  mobile  locomotion  .Dinosaurs  are  categorized   into  two  groups   according   to  the  structure   of  their  pelvis ;Saurischian   (lizard   hipped)  and  orinithischian  (bird hipped)  dinosaurs  .In  the  case  of  most  Saurischians  .,  the  pubis  (part   of  the pelvis)jutted  forward,  while  in ornithischians   it  slanted   back  ,  parallel  to  the  ischium (another  part  of  the  pelvis). This enormous   variety  of dinosaur   species    equals  that   of  mammals .The   Dinosaur  were  the  most   successful  land  vertebrates ever,  and  survived  for 165 million     years ,  until   their   extinction   65  million   years  ago.
 DINOSAURS

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