VENUS IS A ROCKY PLANET and the second planet from the Sun .Venus spin slowly backwards as it orbit the Sun ,causing the causing its rotational period to be longest in the Solar System , at about 243 Earth days.It is slightly smaller than Earth and probably has a similar internal structure, consisting of a semi solid metal core , surrounded by a rocky mantle and crust.Venus is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun and Moon because its atmosphere reflect Sunlight strongly.The main component of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide which trap heat in a greenhouse effect far stronger than that on the Earth.As a result Venus is the hottest planet , with a maximum surface temperature of about 480c.The thick cloud layer contains droplets of sulfuric acid and are driven around the planet by winds at speed of up to 560 km per hour .Although the planet takes 243 Earth days to rotate once,the high speed winds cause the clouds to circle the planet in only four Earth days.The high temperature, acidic clouds and enormous atmospheric pressure (about 90 times greater at the surface than that on Earth.) make the environment extremely hostile .However, space probe manage to land on Venus and photograph its dry ,dusty, surface .The Venusian surface has also been mapped by probes with radar equipment that can "see" through the clouds layers.Such radar maps reveal a terrain with craters , mountains,volcanoes, and area where craters have been covered by plains of solidified volcanic lava.There are two large high land regions called Aphrodite Terra and Ishtar Terra.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Starts in Europe particularly in England in eighteen century.It changed the whole of Europe and England 's economy.During this period New machines are invented in England to speed up the spinning of wool and cotton .At first they were powered by water wheels but later steam engines are developed.Iron become cheaper and stronger as Iron making techniques improved.Canals are dug to carry coal from the mines and to transport finished goods.After ...
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