MERCURY IS THE NEAREST PLANET to the sun , orbiting at an average distance of about 58 million kilometers.because Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun ,it moves faster than any other planet , traveling at a average speed of nearly 48 kilometers per second an completing an orbit in just under 88 days.Mercury is very small and rocky .Most of the surface has been heavily cratered by the impact of meteorites ,although there are also smooth ,sparsely cratered plains .The Ca loris Basin is the largest crater , measuring about 1,500 km across.It is thought to have been when a rock the size of a asteroid hit the planet , and is surrounded by concentric rings of mountains thrown up by the impact .The surface also has ridges (called rupes ) that are thought to have been formed when the hot core of young planet cooled and shrank about four billion years ago, buckling the surface of the planet in the process.The planet rotates about its axis very slowly, taking nearly 50 Earth days to complete one rotation.As a result Solar day (sunrise to sunrise ) on Mercury is about 176 Earth days - twice as long as the 88 day Mercuric year.Mercury has extreme surface temperatures , ranging from a maximum of 450c on the Sunlit side to -170c on the dark side .At nightfall , the temperature
drops very quickly because the planet's atmosphere is almost non-existent .It consists only of minute amounts of helium and hydrogen captured from the solar wind , plus traces of other gases.
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drops very quickly because the planet's atmosphere is almost non-existent .It consists only of minute amounts of helium and hydrogen captured from the solar wind , plus traces of other gases.
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