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Electricity and magnetism.

ELECTRIC  EFFECTS  results  from  an  imbalance  of   electric   charge .There   are   two  types  of  electric  charge , named  positive(carried by protons) and  negative  (carried  by  electrons).If  charges   are  opposites  (unlike), they  attract   one  another, while  like  charge  repel.Forces  of  attraction  and   repulsion (electrostatic  forces) exist  between  any  two  charged   particles .Matter  is  normally   uncharged  , but   if  electrons  are gained  , an  object  will  gain  an  overall  negative  charge ;if  they  are  removed , it  becomes positive .Objects  with an overall   negative   or  positive  charges  are  said to  have  an   imbalance   of  charge, and  exert  the  same  forces  as individual   negative  and  positive   charge .On  this    larger  scale,the  forces  will  always   act  to  regain  the  balance  of  charge. This  causes  static  electricity .Lightning   ,for  example , is  produced  by  clouds  discharging  a  huge  excess  of  negative   electrons .If  charges  are " free  "-in a wire  or material  that  allows  electrons  to  pass through  it -  the   forces  causes    a  flow  of  charge called  an  electric current
MAGNETISM.
Some  substances   exhibit  the  strange  phenomenon  of magnetism -which  also  produced    attractive   and  repulsive   forces. Magnetic  substances  consists  of  small   regions  called  domains.Normally   unmagnetized  ,they  can  be  magnetized  by  being  placed  in  a  magnetic field .Magnetism   and  electricity  are  inextricably   linked , a  fact   put  to  use   in   motors and  generators. 

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