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Genetic advances-Animal cloning

To  produced  a clone   of   an  animal  a sample  of  the  DNA  must  be used  .Since  each   body  cell  contains  a complete  DNA  genome,this  is easily  obtained .This  DNA has  to  be   introduced  into  an  ovum (egg)  of another  animal  of same  species.after  the  ovum's  original   DNA  is  extracted .The  egg  is   then   inserted  into  a surrogate  animal's  womb  and pregnancy  proceeds  as normal.Although  every  body cell  contains  complete  genome ,it  will normally  activate  only  those   genes  necessary for its  own body  parts.-for example kidney,brain,or  bone.The  other gene  are not needed  and  are  not " switched  on"however  ,if  the  cell  is starved  of nutrients  ,development can  be  stopped   at  an  early  stage,at  which  point   all  the  genes  can  be  operative.The ovum  into  which  DNA  is inserted  will  then  behave  as  if  the  DNA were  its    own.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED  FOOD.
An  increasingly   common practice   in  the  food  Industry  is  the  modification  of the  foodstuff  in  order  to  extend  their shelf  life.This  means  that  not only  food,  for    example  fruits  and  vegetables,but also  food  ingredients  and additives  that contain  genes   derived   from    animals  ,fish ,insects, and viruses  will  appear  in    shops  unlabelled  as  such.

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